Preparation of CeO₂/TiO₂/NGP composites as efficient catalyst for removal of organic dye using photo-, sono-, and sonophotocatalytic activity

Abstract A simple hydrothermal technique was used to incorporate nanographene platelets (NGP) with CeO 2 /TiO composites different NGP contents. The prepared samples were then evaluated as a heterogeneous catalyst degrade methylene blue (MB) under visible light irradiation, ultrasonic and combination of the two. structural morphological properties /NGP investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). XRD spectra revealed NGP, , TiO nanoparticles indicating desired combination. Further investigation using TGA measurements show that weight lost at around 600 °C due combustion carbon. surface area further increased. –10 wt.% able MB four times higher than pristine composites, which may be lower recombination rate; however, increments decreased degradation efficiency.